How to Choose the Best Hair Loss Treatments and Medications
We talked to board-certified dermatologists about the best hair loss treatments and medications. Keep reading to find out which treatments might be best for you.

- As we grow older, most of us are going to lose at least some of our hair.
- Can we reverse it? Maybe. It depends on the type of hair loss we have. Some hair loss responds well to medications and other therapies.
- Learn more about the causes of age-related hair loss and which medications work best for men and women who experience it.
NCOA connects people with tools and resources to support a healthy life. We put products under the microscope before we can recommend them to you. To review hair loss products, we researched and tested for over 200 hours before making our first recommendation. To find the best hair loss treatments, we:
- Consulted with dermatologists, trichologists, psychologists, and primary care physicians
- Ordered a product and tested it for 2-4 weeks before moving it into the next round for consideration—with testing ongoing for 1 calendar year
- Interviewed long-time users of these brands
- Used the products as directed on an ongoing basis—they’re now staples in our testers’ showers and medicine cabinets
- Read thousands of verified customer reviews
We’re constantly testing new hair loss treatments to give you the most accurate and up-to-date recommendations. Read more about our hair loss treatment methodology.
Let’s talk about our hair. Some of us will keep every strand. Most of us won’t.
As we grow older, losing hair is common, but it can still lead to anxiety, embarrassment, and isolation. But treatments do exist, and many of them can be effective. From hair transplants to laser combs, special shampoos to dietary supplements, there are things you can do to slow down, disguise, and—in some cases—completely reverse your hair loss.
In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the most common prescription and over-the-counter hair loss medications for men and women. Do they work? Who can use them? Should you ask your doctor about trying one? We cover it all here.
Hims and Hers

- Offer both prescription and over-the-counter treatments
- Both sites offer minoxidil, finasteride, and supplements
- Treatments available in three-and six-month subscriptions
Best hair loss treatments
- Hims and Hers: Best Topical Minoxidil Treatment
- Ro: Best Oral Finasteride Medication
- Happy Head: Best Combination Spironolactone Treatment
- Nutrafol: Best Supplements for Nutrient Deficiencies
Where to get hair loss treatments online
There are now several telehealth platforms offering hair loss treatments, including access to a health care provider and medications delivered right to your door. Experts like board-certified dermatologist Geeta Yadav, MD, recommend telehealth options “for people with early to mild hair loss who do not necessarily need a physical exam.” It’s also important to consider how hair loss affects mental health. As Dr. Yadav points out, telehealth options for hair loss are “especially helpful for people who may feel embarrassed walking into a clinic.” She highlights the importance of choosing a platform with medical evaluation and ongoing support.
To help you decide which hair loss platform is right for you, we asked several older adults to test telehealth platforms for hair loss. These are our top recommended sites.

- Billing cycles: One-time purchase, 3-month subscription, annual subscription
- Prescription or OTC: Both
- Treatment options: Topical and oral
- Delivery fees: Free
- Hair loss medications available: Finasteride, minoxidil
- Health care professional support: Included
Pros
- Easy application
- Good price
- Helps regrow hair in the vertex or crown
Cons
- Have to apply twice a day
- May not work for a receding hairline
Why we like Hims and Hers
Hims is an online telehealth platform offering a variety of services for men, including treatments for erectile dysfunction, weight gain, and hair loss. Hers offers similar services, but with a focus on women’s wellness. Both platforms offer hair loss treatments.
Hims offers a variety of hair loss treatments for men, including topical and oral minoxidil, topical and oral finasteride, and some combination treatments with more than one active ingredient. They also sell non-prescription products, like non-prescription minoxidil (5% or lower concentration), shampoo, and supplements containing biotin.
Hers offers a similar variety of products, but they do not prescribe finasteride for women. Instead, they offer varying strengths and formats of minoxidil, including oral and topical. They also offer biotin gummies and shampoo and conditioner sets.
Both the Hims and Hers platforms offer subscription-based products, likely because hair loss products require continuous, long-term use to see results. Both platforms also offer access to licensed health care providers who screen users seeking prescription-strength hair loss treatments. Hims and Hers subscribers can message a provider through the website’s messaging platform at any time.
Our testing experience with Hims and Hers
Our Hims and Hers testers have mostly positive things to say about the platform’s ease of use. In general, they said the process of finding products and connecting with a health care provider on the platform was straightforward.
Hims testers appreciated the high-quality look and feel of the products they received, though some were worried the topical products made their hair feel greasy. When they brought up this concern, our experts suggested they swap out serums for foams, and they reported good results. Hers users appreciate the platform’s focus on education—how to use each product and why they work.
The Hims and Hers customer experience
On both Hims and Hers, users are guided through a detailed questionnaire about their hair loss goals and symptoms. At the end of the quiz, users are directed to a product or a series of products matching their needs.
While it’s possible to make a one-time purchase on Hims and Hers, the platform recommends subscriptions due to the long-term nature of hair loss treatment. All subscribers have access to direct messaging with their health care provider. Response times from providers may vary, but subscribers can reach out with questions and concerns at any time.

- Billing cycles: Monthly or every three months
- Prescription or OTC: Both
- Treatment options: Topical and oral
- Delivery fees: Free
- Hair loss medications available: Minoxidil, tretinoin, melatonin
- Health care professional support: Unlimited for subscribers
Pros
- Easy-to-follow use and instructions
- Unlimited follow-ups with medical professionals
- Only need a small amount of product
Cons
- Results require patience and consistency
Why we like Ro
Like Hims and Hers, Ro is a telehealth platform providing clinical-grade hair loss treatments through online access to health care providers who screen users and recommend hair loss medications, sometimes writing prescriptions. Ro offers a broad range of treatments, from topical minoxidil to oral finasteride, but it offers fewer products for women than for men.
Our testing experience with Ro
Ro, formerly Roman, was created as a telehealth platform exclusively for men that now treats women as well. Though Ro has fewer products for women than for men, our tester noted the women’s intake questionnaire was relatively long compared to other hair loss platform questionnaires, including Ro’s hair loss questionnaire for men.
The Ro customer experience
Ro users complete a brief questionnaire to help match them with the right hair loss treatment. If prescribed, their medications are delivered right to their door. Because of the importance of ongoing use, Ro products are typically only available on a subscription basis. All Ro subscribers benefit from unlimited messaging with a Ro provider through the website’s secure online platform. Our Ro tester likes the availability of Ro providers when she has a question; she described her provider’s responses as “thorough.”

- Billing cycles: Once or monthly
- Prescription or OTC: Both
- Treatment options: Topical and oral
- Delivery fees: Free
- Hair loss medications available: Finasteride, minoxidil, dutasteride, spirolactone
- Health care professional support: Dermatologist connection
Pros
- Money-back guarantee
- Safe for dyed hair
- Lathers nicely
Cons
- Small, 8-ounce bottle
- $30/month after first order
Why we like Happy Head
Happy Head is another telehealth platform serving both men and women, but it focuses exclusively on hair loss treatments. Founded by a dermatologist and a hair-loss surgeon, this platform has a broad range of products, including their StrandIQ System, designed to offer insight into your hair’s biology and possibly help you find the most effective treatment. Happy Head offers a broader range of active ingredients than other hair loss platforms we tested, including spironolactone and the DHT-blocker dutasteride. They also offer custom hair loss treatment blends, adding and removing ingredients based on your needs. Due to the custom nature of its products, Happy Head is one of the more expensive hair loss platforms.
Our testing experience with Happy Head
Our testers described the Happy Head intake assessment as very thorough, including screening questions about pre-existing conditions. For people who aren’t comfortable with online questionnaires, Happy Head offers the option to answer questions over the phone. Compared to other platforms, Happy Head does a good job of making users aware of potential risks and side effects, such as the risks of finasteride and dutasteride for pregnant women.
The Happy Head customer experience
After a thorough online screening from a health care provider, Happy Head users are matched with a recommended treatment and may receive customized prescriptions, often combining active ingredients such as minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride, or spironolactone. Prescriptions are delivered to their door. Like the other platforms we reviewed, Happy Head subscribers have ongoing access to health care providers for questions and concerns.
Nutrafol

- Billing cycles: One, three, or six months
- Prescription or OTC: OTC
- Treatment options: Capsule
- Delivery fees: Free
- Hair loss medications available: None; uses biotin, keratin, saw palmetto
- Health care professional support: None
Pros
- No prescription required
- Easy-to-contact customer service
- Vegan options available
Cons
- Slight fishy smell
- Pricey
Why we like Nutrafol
In our review of the best hair loss treatments for women, our team picked Nutrafol as the best non-prescription supplement. Nutrafol is a drug-free option for anyone who’s not ready to begin using active ingredients like minoxidil or finasteride. Its ingredients include vitamins, minerals, and herbs, like milk thistle, methyl B12, and saw palmetto. While Nutrafol is best known for its “nutraceuticals” (pills or gummies you ingest), they also carry scalp care in the form of shampoos, conditioners, serums, and masks.
Our testing experience with Nutrafol
Among other hair loss supplements, Nutrafol stands out for its use of varied and quality ingredients, including herbs, vitamins, and minerals. The results of some studies on Nutrafol products are promising, showing self-reported hair growth improvement and hair quality. These studies are conducted in third-party research centers, but they are funded by Nutrafol (Nutraceutical Wellness, Inc.).8
The Nutrafol customer experience
Nutrafol’s intake assessment, called the “Hair Wellness Quiz,” asks a series of questions about your age, lifestyle, and metabolism and then recommends products based on your answers. Our tester was directed to use the “Women’s Balance” supplement for women 45 and over (four capsules daily), but there are also treatments for men and postpartum women. Vegan options are also available. Nutrafol supplements can be pricey, starting around $79 per month.
Understanding hair loss treatments
Minoxidil
Minoxidil (you might know it by the brand name Rogaine) is one of the most widely used topical hair treatments available for both women and men. It’s the primary active ingredient in several over-the-counter topical treatments, from foams to serums. Our experts recommend minoxidil because its results are backed by research. Though it can be messy to apply, it is more affordable than other hair loss treatments, like finasteride and spironolactone.
Oral minoxidil is FDA-approved to treat severe hypertension. While dermatologists often prescribe it as an off-label hair loss treatment, it is not yet FDA-approved for this purpose.
Minoxidil
Where to buy topical minoxidil
- Hims: Starting around $15/month with a subscription
- Hers: Starting around $13/month with a subscription
- Ro: Starting around $16/month with a subscription
- Happy Head: Starting around $47/month with a subscription (Happy Head topicals are compounded with multiple ingredients)
- Cost: Starting around $13/mo
- Topical options: Foam or serum, in concentrations of 2%-8%
- FDA-approved: Yes, for topical use
- Prescription required: Only for concentrations of 5% or greater
- Potential side effects: Itching, dryness, flakiness, irritation, and burning

An Expert Take on Topical vs. Oral Minoxidil:
“Topical minoxidil can be very effective when used consistently and correctly, especially in the early to moderate stages of male pattern hair loss. It works by increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the follicles and prolonging the growth phase of the hair cycle. However, results depend heavily on compliance and proper formulation."
"… Off-label microdose compounded oral minoxidil can be extremely effective for male pattern hair loss—as long as side effects are monitored and dosages are prescribed by a board-certified hair restoration physician.” - Alan J. Bauman, MD, hair transplant surgeon at Bauman Medical
Our experts’ take on minoxidil
Experts like Dr. Bauman recommend both topical and oral minoxidil, though all agree that results take consistency and patience. Topical minoxidil does come with some challenges. It can be messy to apply, must be applied daily, and results take time, sometimes up to a year to see the full benefit. Still, it’s a popular treatment for hair loss. It is FDA-approved and has been around for decades.
When it comes to topical minoxidil, says board-certified dermatologist Dr. Yadev, the keyword is consistency. “Many people stop too early because they do not see immediate improvement, but hair takes time. About a third of users will notice meaningful improvement after several months.” According to Dr. Yadev, topical minoxidil is “not a miracle fix, but it can help slow shedding and encourage regrowth when used consistently.”
What you should know about minoxidil
The biggest challenge with minoxidil is having patience and sticking with it. To be most effective, you need to continue using it indefinitely—otherwise, your hair will likely start falling out again. Some people also experience scalp irritation. If this happens to you, check the list of inactive ingredients; many generic brands mix the drug with herbal supplements and other additives that might cause redness and itching. You can also try switching to a lesser strength (2% rather than 5% or greater).

"I often tell patients, ‘If you cannot commit to daily use, you will not love your results.’"
—Geeta Yadev, MD, board-certified dermatologist and Medical Director & Founder of Facet Dermatology
How to use topical minoxidil
Minoxidil is a topical medication applied directly to the scalp. It comes in either a liquid serum or a foam, and is available in concentrations ranging from 2% to 8%. For concentrations greater than 5%, a prescription is required.
How minoxidil works
While doctors and scientists don’t fully understand why, minoxidil stimulates new hair growth by increasing blood flow to your follicles.
Minoxidil's effectiveness
Minoxidil is widely regarded as one of the best hair loss medications for men and for women. Studies show it can successfully treat many common forms of hair loss.1 It can take several months to notice any positive difference.
Safety tips for using minoxidil
There are few specific contraindications for (reasons not to use) topical minoxidil. The FDA has approved it for adults ages 18-65 only, mainly because its effectiveness drops after age 65, and you may need a greater strength to see results. Recommended precautions: avoid getting the liquid or foam in your eyes or mouth; don’t apply it anywhere but your scalp; and wash your hands immediately after using it. Your health care provider can go over the list of ingredients with you and identify any potential concerns specific to you.
Where. to buy:
Hims: Starting around $15/month with a subscription
Hers: Starting around $13/month with a subscription
Ro: Starting around $16/month with a subscription
Happy Head: Starting around $47/month with a subscription (Happy Head topicals are compounded with multiple ingredients)
Finasteride
Oral finasteride (you may know it by the brand name Propecia) is FDA-approved for the treatment of hair loss in men. According to Dr. Yadav, oral finasteride is often more effective than topical treatments alone by helping protect hair follicles from the normal process that causes shrinkage. “In clinical studies,” she shares, “over 80% of men stopped losing hair and many experienced regrowth after a year of use.”
Men seeking treatment for hair loss should know that finasteride can cause side effects like mood changes or sexual dysfunction, which Dr. Yadav refers to as “possible but not common.” The best way to use finasteride, she says, is with proper medical discussion and monitoring so decisions feel informed and comfortable.
Finasteride
Where to buy oral finasteride online
- Hims: Starting around $22/month with a subscription
- Hers: Starting around $24/month with a subscription (only available for women 50+)
- Ro: Starting around $20/month with a subscription
- Happy Head: Starting around $24/month with a subscription
- Cost: Starting around $20/mo
- Oral medication strength: 1mg daily
- FDA-approved: For men only
- Prescription required: Yes
- Potential side effects: Erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, depression

Important Safety Information
A 2025 systematic review of Finasteride’s psychiatric side effects linked the use of finasteride for hair loss to a risk of suicidality, especially among younger men.2
While finasteride is still widely used as a hair loss treatment, users should be aware of the risks. Always consult with a trusted health care provider before beginning any prescription medication.
Our experts’ take on finasteride
The experts we spoke to agree that finasteride can be a highly effective treatment for male pattern hair loss. Though the drug comes with a risk of potentially concerning side effects, Dr. Bauman says side effects like erectile dysfunction and mood changes “are relatively uncommon (less than 2%), reversible within about a week, and typically dose-dependent.” With his own patients, he aims for the lowest effective dose of oral finasteride or uses topical finasteride to “minimize systemic exposure” while still maintaining the drug’s benefit.
What you should know about oral finasteride
Since finasteride is a pill, it’s pretty easy to stick with on a day-to-day basis. But, like minoxidil, it requires a lifelong commitment. Some men experience unwanted side effects, including reduced sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and/or depression. Talk to your doctor about reducing your dose or changing treatment if any of these happen to you.
How to use oral finasteride
Finasteride is a pill you take once daily, preferably at the same time each day. The recommended dose for hair loss treatment is 1mg daily. A dosage higher than 1mg may be used to treat other conditions, like prostate-related issues.
How finasteride works
Finasteride interferes with your body’s production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). “By reducing DHT, the hormone responsible for follicle miniaturization, male pattern hair loss can be stabilized and often reversed,” says Dr. Bauman.
Finasteride's effectiveness
Finasteride is among the best hair loss treatments for men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA, or male-pattern baldness), specifically, with hair regrowth or reduced hair loss shown in a majority of men treated.3 It can take up to 12 months to start working, though some people may see results around four months. Your doctor will monitor your results and determine whether it makes sense for you to continue taking it.
Safety tips for using oral finasteride
The FDA first approved finasteride to treat prostate enlargement. That means many men take it, and it’s generally considered safe (though its effectiveness may drop as we age). That said, any oral medication you take is processed through your liver; if you have liver disease or take other prescription drugs, your doctor can help you identify any concerns or potential interactions. Finasteride may also cause side effects like mood changes or erectile dysfunction, so be sure to use finasteride under the supervision of a trusted health care provider.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone is a type of diuretic prescribed to treat high blood pressure and kidney disease. It is not FDA-approved to treat hair loss, but it is often prescribed off-label to women for female pattern hair loss. Because it may suppress testosterone and possibly increase breast growth, it is not typically prescribed to men. As a hair loss medication, it is most commonly combined with minoxidil for the most effective treatment.
Spironolactone
Where to buy spironolactone online
Happy Head: Starting around $70/mo for oral spironolactone and minoxidil combination; Around $63/mo for topical spironolactone and minoxidil solution
- Cost: Starting around $70/mo for oral spironolactone and minoxidil combination; Around $63/mo for topical spironolactone and minoxidil solution
- Available forms: Oral and topical
- FDA-approved: Not for hair loss treatment, though often prescribed off-label
- Prescription required: Yes
- Potential side effects: High potassium levels, breast tenderness, muscle cramps, headache
Our experts’ take on spironolactone
Often used to treat hypertension and heart failure, spironolactone is a diuretic prescribed off-label to treat female hair loss. Spironolactone can be effective both on its own and in combination with minoxidil.4
What you should know about spironolactone
Spironolactone can be combined with minoxidil to create a more effective treatment for women, helping to slow down hair loss and even increase hair thickness. People with blood pressure problems or women who are pregnant should not take Spironolactone.
How spironolactone works
Spironolactone works by reducing androgen levels in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or are in menopause. By slowing the body's production of androgen, spironolactone also slows hair loss and may encourage regrowth. A systematic analysis of oral spironolactone for treating female pattern hair loss found an overall hair loss improvement rate of 56% in women using the treatment. Those combining spironolactone with minoxidil saw a higher improvement rate (65%) than those who used spironolactone alone (43%).5
Safety tips for using spironolactone
Side effects from using spironolactone may include an itchy scalp, increased facial hair growth, and irregular menstrual periods. Spirolactone is not recommended for people who are pregnant, as it may cause birth defects. It can also interact with certain drugs, like blood thinners and high blood pressure medications.5 It's important to speak with your doctor before taking spironolactone.
Hair Growth Supplements
Vitamins and supplements can help promote hair growth for those who aren’t getting or absorbing enough vitamins and minerals. A well-rounded hair growth supplement uses vitamins, minerals, and botanical extracts—like ashwagandha and saw palmetto—to help promote hair growth. Most supplements do not contain clinically proven active ingredients like minoxidil and finasteride, which require a prescription. Yet some studies have shown small but positive results with supplements.6 Hair growth vitamins and supplements are most effective for people who are experiencing hair loss due to a hormonal imbalance or a nutritional deficiency.
Hair Growth Supplements
Where to buy hair growth supplements online
Nutrafol: Starting around $79/mo for subscription
- Cost: Varies
- Form: Oral pill
- Key ingredients to look for: Ashwagandha, saw palmetto, theanine, keratin, and vitamins A, B, C, and D
- FDA-approved: No
- Prescription required: No
- Potential side effects: Stomach pain or nausea, skin rashes or itching, acid reflux
Our experts’ take on hair growth supplements
If your hair loss is due to a hormonal imbalance or a specific nutritional deficiency, like low levels of vitamin B12, hair growth supplements could be effective in restoring thicker hair simply by helping to replace the nutrients or hormones you are missing.
Dr. Yadev is skeptical of non-prescription treatments for age-related or genetic hair loss, though. “A lot of people hope that supplements, thickening shampoos, or biotin gummies will regrow hair,” she says. “Unfortunately, we do not have strong evidence that these products reverse male pattern baldness. They may help overall hair health, but they do not replace medical treatment.”
What you should know about hair growth supplements
Though most supplements do not contain active, prescription-strength ingredients, they do show some positive results in research, with few side effects reported. Many supplements come in larger capsules, and some are taken multiple times per day, which may be unpleasant or impractical for some people. Many hair growth supplements are more expensive than other treatments like minoxidil.
The most common hair growth supplements include:
Biotin
This B vitamin helps your body produce keratin: a protein that’s important for healthy skin, hair, and nails. It stands to reason, then, that taking a biotin supplement—or using hair products that contain biotin—can help address hair loss. Or does it?
Yes and no. It’s important to know that biotin does not work like minoxidil or finasteride, both of which can regrow hair. Biotin won’t do that. But it might prevent you from losing hair. And it could help keep the hair that you do have looking its best. Study results are mixed, and scientists still don’t fully understand why or how biotin works for hair loss. The good news? It generally doesn’t hurt to try a biotin supplement or topical treatment.
Zinc
Like biotin, the mineral zinc is essential to keratin. If you have a zinc deficiency—either because you don’t get enough of it in your diet, or you have a condition that prevents you from absorbing it—your hair can suffer.
That said, the jury is out on whether or not zinc supplements are useful for hair loss. And there are some risks to be aware of. For starters, taking too much zinc can actually cause your hair to fall out. It can also lead to gastric symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain.
Research shows a strong link between low levels of vitamin D and hair loss. In particular, being deficient in vitamin D can cause telogen effluvium (large-scale shedding, usually due to environmental factors); alopecia areata (an inflammatory condition that leads to recurring areas of patchy hair loss); and even pattern baldness.
There are many reasons to be sure you’re getting enough vitamin D. When it comes to hair, however, the science remains unclear. Like biotin and zinc, vitamin D supplements might help with your hair loss—and they might not. If you’re not deficient, taking vitamin D likely won’t regrow your hair or keep it from falling out. If you are deficient, there may be an underlying condition that you need to address. That condition itself, rather than your vitamin D deficiency, could be causing your hair loss.
Saw palmetto
Extracted from palm trees, this supplement seems to work similarly to finasteride—at least according to early research. Its natural compounds help block DHT, which is the sex hormone linked to male pattern hair loss.7
Is it effective? Some small initial studies suggest it is. Men who used a topical treatment or took an oral supplement reported decreased hair loss and increased density compared to those who didn’t.7 Side effects are generally minimal. Stilll, check with your doctor before giving it a try.
Other treatments for hair loss
The following treatments aren’t specifically intended to address hair loss—but they have shown some promise for men and women. These include:
Corticosteroids
Some hair loss happens because of autoimmune conditions like alopecia areata, lichen planopilaris, and lupus. Topical and injectable steroids that suppress the immune response often can help slow down or stop related hair loss, too.9
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy
PRP is an expensive treatment using components of a person’s own blood to stimulate healing. Doctors typically use it to treat muscle and bone conditions. When injected into the scalp, it has lately shown promise for treating AGA as well.10
Over-the-counter and natural therapies for hair loss
Walk down the health and beauty aisle of any pharmacy or grocery store—or visit your favorite retailer online—and you’re sure to find a section devoted to at-home hair loss remedies.
From shampoos and serums containing biotin, saw palmetto, and niacin, to essential oils like rosemary and peppermint, and even products with caffeine and copper—there’s no shortage of choices. And generally, there’s no harm in trying them.
Look for products without too many harsh ingredients, like alcohol and sulfates or sulfides. These can irritate your scalp. If you’re going to use rosemary, peppermint, or tea tree extracts, spend the extra money for full-strength versions; you can dilute them at home with olive oil one treatment at a time. And beware of false claims and outright scams. If you see a product boasting remarkable results on its packaging, do a little research first before you buy. The FDA doesn’t regulate many OTC hair loss treatments. Some companies bet on you making an impulse purchase based on emotion rather than fact. And be wary of buying hair loss products on social media. This is a common phishing tactic. If you see an ad on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, or X, search the company or product name separately and go directly to their website instead.
How we test hair loss medications
Our team starts the testing process by gathering insights and recommendations from hair loss experts with clinical experience. For this article, we spoke to two hair transplant surgeons and two board-certified dermatologists about their experience treating patients with active ingredients like minoxidil and finasteride.
We are also committed to testing products from these platforms for a full six months, starting with ordering and interacting with telehealth providers. Our testers take notes on their customer service experience, the quality of products, and how well the products work for their lifestyle and needs. We keep our articles updated to reflect their ongoing testing.
What causes hair loss as we age?
Several factors increase the odds we’ll lose at least some of our hair as we age, including:
Hormonal changes
Throughout life, our hormones and how they function are closely related to our hair and how it grows—or doesn’t. Estrogen, androgen, testosterone, cortisol, melatonin, and others all play a role in regulating the hair cycle and the health of our hair follicles.11
Specifically, certain age-related changes to these hormones are known to cause hair loss. Women who go through menopause experience plummeting levels of estrogen. Some men go through andropause, or a gradual decline in levels of testosterone. While research continues to seek and understand the many complex ways these hormones interact with our hair follicles, the association is clear. More than half of postmenopausal women report thinning hair;12 closer to 60% of men do by the time they’re 50, with the severity of loss increasing as we age.13
Genetics
It’s an often-repeated nugget of wisdom: if you’re bald or losing your hair, you can blame your mother’s side of the family. As it turns out, the truth is a little more nuanced.
Yes, the most common form of hair loss among men and women is hereditary.14 But whether or not it happens to you depends on genes from both of your parents. It also depends on a combination of other environmental and hormonal factors, many of which scientists are still working to understand.15 Still, if your hair is thinning, look around at your family members. If their hair is thinning, too—and there’s no other obvious cause for your hair loss—you can often assume you’ve inherited it.
Nutritional deficiencies
With age, we need fewer calories to fuel our body’s daily functions. That means the food we do eat needs to pack a nutritional punch.
At the same time, age-related changes to our digestion—as well as some chronic diseases and medications—can make it harder to get the vitamins and minerals we need. And certain deficiencies are linked to hair loss. The most common ones among adults age 65 and older include:
- Protein: Abnormally low protein levels can cause brittle hair and hair shedding.
- Iron: Low levels of iron can lead to anemia; anemia can cause hair loss.
- Vitamin B12: Low levels of B12 can also lead to anemia and its related hair loss.
- Calcium: Low calcium doesn’t cause hair loss directly, though it may be related.16
Medication side effects
Certain prescription drugs—from antidepressants to blood pressure medications—can cause people of all ages to lose their hair.
Still, some medications are more common among those age 50 and older. And it’s helpful to be aware of which ones might lead to hair loss. These include:
- Blood thinners. Doctors commonly prescribe these for A-Fib and other heart arrhythmias.
- Statins. Doctors prescribe these to address high cholesterol.
- Anti-hypertensives. You may take one for high blood pressure.17
Medical conditions and life stressors
Our chances of developing health conditions like heart disease, cancer, and malnutrition increase with age. Both the conditions themselves—and some of their treatments—can make us lose our hair.
If you’re shedding more strands than seems normal, talk to your doctor. It could be due to one of the following:
- Thyroid disorders: Thyroid hormones help regulate hair growth, and unusually high or low levels of them can impact the health of your follicles.18
- Diabetes. Changes to the way insulin (another hormone) works in your body can slow down or stop your hair growth cycle.19
- Stress: Age-related changes such as retirement, chronic illness, or the loss of a loved one can increase stress and spike cortisol levels, which in turn can trigger hair loss.20
When to speak to a doctor about hair loss
Many health and lifestyle-related factors can be responsible for hair loss, so it’s best to discuss the cause of your hair loss with a doctor before deciding on a treatment.
When patients self-select treatment without an evaluation,” says Dr. Bauman, “they risk missing underlying medical causes like lifestyle issues, nutritional or hormonal imbalance, iron deficiency, or autoimmune disease, for example. In some cases, what looks like male pattern baldness could be [made worse by the wrong treatment].”
Not only should you work with a doctor to identify the right treatment, but your treatment should also include regular follow-ups with your doctor to address side effects and the overall benefits of the treatment.
Compare the best hair loss medication platforms
| Comparison Features | Topical minoxidil |
Oral finasteride |
Spironolactone |
Supplement Blend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best for | Early stages of thinning in men and women |
Male pattern hair loss |
Female pattern hair loss |
Hair thinning or loss caused by stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional deficiencies |
| Starting monthly cost | $13 |
$20 |
$70 |
$79 |
| Potential side effects | Scalp irritation, temporary increased shedding, unwanted hair growth |
Erectile dysfunction, mood changes |
Dizziness, potassium retention |
Bloating, nausea, headaches |
| Recommended product |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is hair loss reversible?
In some cases, hair loss can be reversible. Certain illnesses, prescription drugs, and environmental factors—like stress or a nutritional deficiency—can cause temporary hair loss. When you address the underlying condition, your hair likely will regrow. In other instances, specific medications can slow down, stop, and even reverse hair loss. Your primary care doctor or dermatologist can help determine why you’re losing your hair and which treatments may be effective.
Can women use finasteride?
Yes, women can use finasteride unless they are pregnant or could become pregnant. Finasteride is most commonly prescribed for men with androgenetic alopecia (pattern baldness)—but it also can be effective for some women. Generally, women who are able to become pregnant should not take or handle this drug; it’s known to cause birth defects.
Are hair loss supplements safe to use with other medications?
Only your doctor knows for sure what supplements are safe to take with the medications you are currently on. Before you try any over-the-counter hair loss remedy, it makes sense to check with your primary care provider.
Does Ozempic cause hair loss?
While semaglutide isn’t thought to directly cause hair loss, it can cause rapid weight loss. In some cases, rapid weight loss can also lead to hair loss.
What is the most effective treatment for hair loss?
The most effective treatment for hair loss depends on your type of hair loss and your lifestyle. For hair loss caused by hormone changes or nutritional deficiencies, a vitamin supplement may be sufficient. For male or female pattern hair loss, you may need a prescription medication like minoxidil or finasteride.
How long does it take hair loss treatments to work?
Prescription hair loss treatments require consistent, long-term use. In most cases, you won’t start to see improvements for at least three months; full benefits can take as much as 12 months.
Questions? Reach out to reviewsteam@ncoa.org.
